Introduction

[00:00:00] Jon Jordan: Hi there and welcome to the Cell Video games Playbook. Thanks for tuning in for one more episode. This can be a podcast all about what makes a terrific cell recreation, what’s and isn’t working for cell recreation designers, and the entire newest tendencies. I’m your host, Jon Jordan, and becoming a member of me immediately; We’ve one skilled, however what an skilled he’s, Teemu Palomaki. Good to have you ever again on, Teemu. Your official title is Chief Recreation Analyst Japan for Recreation Refinery, and you’re speaking about one of the crucial defining, I suppose, Japanese video games immediately. So you’re the good man for this. Inform us what we have to find out about Ultimate Fantasy.

[00:00:36] Teemu Palomäki: Nice to be right here speaking about it. I’ve performed quite a lot of them. I’m hoping I can shed some gentle on issues that could possibly be useful for non-Ultimate Fantasy builders immediately.

[00:00:54] Jon: Sure, it’s an enormous topic, and it’s one of many longest-running. I imply, whether or not you see it as an fascinating franchise, isn’t it? As a result of just about many of the video games are single video games, however to some extent in some shared universe. Then there are some direct sequels, however then there’s an terrible lot of side-quests and multimedia, and over time, that’s turn into larger. Very fascinating from that standpoint. Additionally, we’re timing this now as a result of Ultimate Fantasy VII: Ever Disaster has pretty just lately been launched as a cell recreation. Once more, that’s one other retelling of the basic Ultimate Fantasy VII recreation as effectively. That will probably be one thing we’ll cowl. How do you wish to begin? How do you wish to begin this large overview?

What makes Ultimate Fantasy particular

[00:01:42] Teemu: First, what makes Ultimate Fantasy so particular? Serious about it. Clearly, as you talked about, there’s connections. Some observe in the identical universe, whereas most of them are completely totally different and perhaps share solely gameplay mechanics or themes. I believe that’s what makes it so good, a minimum of for me. The way in which they will maintain issues contemporary. If I play Ultimate Fantasy VII, which is a sci-fi world, after which I play Ultimate Fantasy XVI, which is the newest one for PlayStation 5, which is type of like Recreation of Thrones, like medieval Europe factor.

These don’t have a lot in widespread in the event you take a look at them like that, however once I’m enjoying them, there are these components that make them acquainted and simpler to method. I believe that the way in which the sequence evolves is the way in which that it catches folks’s consideration and retains them all in favour of it for a very long time.

[00:03:09] Jon: I suppose there’s all the time the view that until you actually don’t like RPGs, which clearly that’s not the franchise view then. In case you do, you’ll have a favourite, however you’ll most likely have one or a few video games that you simply actually like traditionally as a result of the story actually labored, or for the extra fashionable ones, it’s simply one thing that actually chimes with you. Which means you’ll all the time have an interest within the subsequent one, even when the setting isn’t one thing that you simply like or, for some motive, you don’t just like the one. It’s an fascinating kind of what’s very fundamental promoting. That’s one of many causes it’s lasted so effectively.

Clearly, the standard of the video games has been nice. Anybody who’s ever performed a Ultimate Fantasy recreation and preferred a part of it’s like, “Effectively, I’m wondering what this subsequent one goes to be like.” Plainly typically, let me simply say, with James Bond movies again within the day, the place everybody all the time watched the following one, even when the final one was garbage. There was all the time that concept. You recognize, a number of the Ultimate Fantasy video games are actually really not going to be superb, however there’s sufficient good things in there that you simply’re similar to, “They’ve realized from their errors earlier than.”

Hits and misses within the Ultimate Fantasy sequence

[00:04:15] Teemu: Effectively, mainline Ultimate Fantasy, so clearly, some video games are thought of large hits. 7, I believe, 10 would rely as an enormous hit. 16 is a very good hit proper now, regardless of the smaller set up base in PlayStation 5. There are those who folks contemplate misses, like Ultimate Fantasy VIII, which was a bit off-putting for a lot of, and 13 is all the time getting quite a lot of hate from the fanbase. That’s the primary line. That can also be the case for the cell video games, the spinoffs which can be on cell. There’s been quite a lot of actually bizarre ones that haven’t resonated in any respect.

One instance was the Ultimate Fantasy All of the Bravest, the place you simply had a ton of various characters, no story, no something. It’s simply monetization, and not likely a lot to do. There’s simply quite a lot of results taking place on the display, and gamers actually didn’t like that one. There have been spinoffs from the Ultimate Fantasy-type zero recreation. There was an Agito recreation in regards to the college setting. Since Kind-0 didn’t resonate effectively with the gamers, the spinoff didn’t resonate both. There’s been quite a lot of errors. Most just lately, the Ultimate Fantasy VII: The First Soldier, you would possibly keep in mind the Battle Royale recreation. I believe it lasted solely 4 months earlier than it was killed as a result of it was attempting to do one thing bold.

Personally, I preferred the gameplay, what they launched to the Battle Royale setting, and the way in which you possibly can kill monsters; you possibly can select to go PvE to give attention to the monsters or PvP and attempt to kill the gamers. It was fascinating, it was contemporary, however the recreation simply didn’t maintain me hooked lengthy sufficient, and it looks as if it didn’t discover its viewers in any respect.

Comparability of Japanese and Western audiences

[00:06:38] Jon: I suppose typically, we’d be, say, evaluating the cell ones to the non-mobile ones. Clearly, cell video games are cheaper to develop, and so there’s a stage of experimentation there that’s extra addressable. Then additionally you’ve gotten this drawback with cell in a approach that the– Notably on cell, the way in which the Japanese play cell video games in comparison with how non-Japanese or Westerners play cell video games may be very totally different. Whereas if you recognize you’re making a console recreation, it’s a must to make it work in all places.

Cell has extra flexibility, however equally, it has extra stratified audiences. Each Ultimate Fantasy recreation has most likely, we are able to say, offered extra in Japan than not in Japan. I don’t know if that’s really true, however you’d suppose broadly that quite a lot of its hardcore viewers is extra Japanese than it might be globally.

The flexibleness of the Ultimate Fantasy IP

[00:07:38] Teemu: Positively. Wanting on the efficiency of various Ultimate Fantasy video games, as I used to be wanting via them, they’re all the time performing a lot better in Japan. The place in Japan, gachas are extra favorably checked out. Whereas right here within the West, not a lot, folks are inclined to shun them. Particularly the console recreation viewers. You must do not forget that these followers of this IP, they’ve performed console video games from, like, in the event that they turned followers someplace between 1 and 12, they’ve by no means had sufficient purchases in these video games. They grew up considering that this is sort of a entire recreation, and any extra monetization looks like a rip-off for them or a rip-off.

Nonetheless, there are these success tales that also resonate within the West as effectively. I listed quite a lot of these video games that weren’t obtained so effectively, however there are good video games performing effectively. Courageous Exvius is doing fairly effectively. Courageous Exvius: Conflict of the Visions can also be a spin-off from that cell title. Then the Dissidia, Opera, and Omnia doing effectively. Ultimate Fantasy XV: A New Empire is their 4X recreation. I don’t understand how, but it surely discovered its viewers. If I contemplate a Ultimate Fantasy gamer, I don’t consider them as a 4X sort of participant however as an viewers.

[00:09:31] Jon: That was fairly an fascinating one, wasn’t it? As a result of really there’s– Machine Zone, on the top of its energy, was doing these large advanced 4x video games with very mainstream promoting round it as a UA funnel. Then they signed a take care of Sq. to principally reskin considered one of their 4X video games as a enjoyable fan recreation, which is fascinating in and of itself that Sq., in a approach, would, I’m going to say, enable somebody to do this. Clearly, they do these issues, these license offers are to generate profits. Equally, I believe these machines owned 4X video games, even on the time, they weren’t tremendously liked amongst most individuals. Individuals who performed them liked them. It was an fascinating use of the Ultimate Fantasy license. Then there’s really been one other one, which hasn’t been so profitable.

There are literally two 4X video games from Machine Zone utilizing the Ultimate Fantasy license. That’s fascinating, it exhibits nothing to do with RPGs, however there’s amongst perhaps a small subset of people that actually like enjoying and paying for video games. Truly, Ultimate Fantasy is a license that actually works in a approach that you simply wouldn’t suppose it might. That’s a constructive to the pliability of the license to draw an viewers.

Experimentation with the IP

[00:10:56] Teemu: Sure. I believe that’s one of many success components for these video games that the Ultimate Fantasy cell video games have executed effectively. If we take a look at Courageous Exvius, it was developed by Alim, who was the maker of the Courageous Frontier recreation. This Courageous Exvius Ultimate Fantasy recreation is principally like a reskin of the Courageous Frontier recreation, however now with Ultimate Fantasy and all the extra fancy animations, the CGX assaults. That’s the sport that launched us to collaboration characters of Ariana Grande and Katy Perry, who at the moment are Ultimate Fantasy characters as effectively.

Then the Conflict of the Visions, a derivative of the Courageous Exvius, is developed by Gumi. These are the makers of the Alchemist Goat recreation, which was actually a preferred crit-based RPG recreation in Japan. It was okay within the West, but it surely’s killed now. As soon as once more, this recreation is just about a reskin of that recreation. There may be an current idea that they then combine with this Ultimate Fantasy IP. If there’s sufficient overlap with curiosity for gamers, then they succeed fairly effectively.

Using supply materials for fulfillment

[00:12:37] Jon: I believe that’s an excellent level the place you’ve gotten these– Courageous Frontier is an ideal instance, I suppose, of an extremely profitable recreation, just about simply in Japan. Western audiences, until you’re actually into JRPGs, it wasn’t mass market there. Ultimate Fantasy is type of that license you could take one thing that you recognize works a minimum of to some viewers, after which Ultimate Fantasy, by placing that license on it, you recognize you’re going to draw 10 occasions extra folks to a minimum of obtain it and see what on earth it’s like. It’s a really fascinating world play on that.

As you additionally identified, I believe going again to the experimentation that Sq. Enix does on cell, my impression is all these video games that you simply simply talked about Sq. weren’t growing in them. They had been publishing them, however they’d well-known Japanese builders taking their type of recreation after which placing Ultimate Fantasy in there. As you say, Ultimate Fantasy video games are sometimes– These characters combating towards evil is a little bit of a cliched factor.

These characters all the time have fascinating or fascinating interpersonal relationships. Which I suppose is one thing else, which is a attribute of the Ultimate Fantasy video games that the setting doesn’t actually matter there. Even when the storytelling and if that FMV stuff is considerably a little bit of a cliché, it really works. They appear to raise the story, the plot, and the characters to the next stage. Which can be, once more, one other attribute of that franchise. I suppose taking a look at JRPGs on a really broad scale, the opposite huge comparability in Japan is Dragon Quest, which is equally as huge in Japan, however simply by no means has labored within the West for causes I wouldn’t know.

Evaluating Ultimate Fantasy and Dragon Quest

[00:14:27] Teemu: Sure, perhaps the Ultimate Fantasy aesthetics work higher for the Western viewers. You talked about quite a lot of these had been created by firms apart from Sq.. Sq. Enix has additionally had an excellent hit recreation developed by themselves for cell, the Mobius Ultimate Fantasy. Which was created by the large stars of the corporate who’re like, the present model supervisor for Ultimate Fantasy was a producer there. The individuals who labored on that recreation at the moment are engaged on the upcoming Ultimate Fantasy VII Rebirth video games and actually filling huge boots. They’d made huge mainline video games earlier than.

Once you put the perfect folks to work on these, these folks that have made these nice console video games, if you put them to make the cell recreation that’s meant to be a terrific expertise akin to the console gaming expertise, then they will create one thing nice. Mobius Ultimate Fantasy was doing very well. I believe a part of the explanation why they killed it may need been in order that they might get these good folks to work on the opposite mission, which is the Ultimate Fantasy VII remake trilogy.

[00:15:58] Jon: I suppose, if there’s a much less experimental recreation that you recognize is coming with a Sq. stamp of approval, you then simply push that out barely. I suppose the opposite factor is, we had been speaking a bit in regards to the FMV, the complete movement video the place you’re humorous that you simply’re enjoying with these barely down purple characters after which abruptly do an assault, and exquisite graphics come into play. Clearly, again within the day of Ultimate Fantasy VII, that was the large factor, and that was since you couldn’t run these graphics in actual time. Whereas clearly, now you possibly can, but it surely’s nonetheless that nostalgia, although technically you could possibly do all of it in FMV, I suppose. That’s humorous.

I suppose one other attribute of it’s the audio and the music and all that stuff, which, once more, is one thing that these video games all the time have. They by no means have a foul soundtrack. That’s absolutely the type of– you recognize you’re going to start out with good music.

Music and nostalgia in Ultimate Fantasy

[00:16:50] Teemu: It’s Ultimate Fantasy soundtrack. These are all the time nice. I believe that’s additionally one factor that makes the video games stick in your reminiscence as a result of when there are these impactful moments within the video games if you hear the music in these, the music is memorable. It additionally hits your emotions everytime you’re listening to that soundtrack if you’re on the health club, or operating, or commuting or no matter you’re doing, working. You then keep in mind these moments, and it simply builds the connection higher. The sounds are all the time positively essential.

[00:17:34] Jon: You’ve been enjoying quite a lot of Ever Disaster, the newest one. Do you wish to go right into a little bit of element on that, clearly based mostly on the Ultimate Fantasy VII Traditional World?

Ultimate Fantasy VII: Ever Disaster

[00:17:45] Teemu: Sure. The Ultimate Fantasy VII: Ever Disaster, is a very fascinating experiment from Sq. Enix. I believe it’s doing okay now, the little bit that we’ve seen its efficiency. What the sport does is it tries to compile all of those totally different additions to the Ultimate Fantasy VII World right into a single cell recreation. What they’ve executed is that they’ve remade the Final Fantasy VII unique story, they usually’ve additionally remade Ultimate Fantasy VII Disaster Core, which is the prequel one.

Then there’s additionally at present within the recreation the unique story from The First Soldier, which was the failed Battle Royale recreation. There’s a storyline about that recreation which is the mobile-only a part of the story. What they will do and what they’re planning on doing can also be introducing playable content material from the film Creation Youngsters and the novels Traces of Two Pasts or On the Technique to a Smile. These tales that aren’t playable and novels I believe most followers of Ultimate Fantasy VII haven’t even learn. Carry these new issues in there. Very nice experiment on methods to carry a console MIP to cell.

The gameplay. I believe the core gameplay is feasible. It’s enjoyable, however quickly you progress it to auto-battle. It’s good that it’s straightforward to auto, however you possibly can nonetheless type of have an effect on it. It shouldn’t get too boring, however I’ve to see just a little little bit of fan reactions, like how they take it. I believe there’s sufficient customizability via, like, what abilities you possibly can put in there that the followers will probably be okay with it. I believe it’s a good combine, but it surely stays to be seen. Story, clearly, the supply materials is admittedly good. Then if you get to the primary Soldier’s story, you type of really feel that it’s the cell recreation story as a result of it begins lagging. In that, there’s quite a lot of this dialogue that doesn’t result in something when in comparison with the unique supply supplies, the seven, it simply– right here’s this essential second, right here’s this subsequent essential second. It’s continuously shifting. You are feeling what’s cell solely.

Monetization in Ever Disaster

[00:20:41] Jon: How about monetization? Have you ever acquired a really feel of the place it sits for that?

[00:20:48] Teemu: There’s something actually fascinating about that. Normally, characters are what you get via gachas, however on this recreation, you unlock characters routinely. There isn’t any monetization associated to unlocking the characters. What you do unlock via gachas is the weapons for them and the skins for the character or armor. It’s also possible to use them as skins. That’s actually fascinating. The way in which the gachas are executed, you’ve gotten the gachas, which offer you these weapons, however if you would like these armors they aren’t obtainable via the gacha drops, however there’s a separate stamp system. With every pull, you get from 1-12 stamps, and I believe for each 12 stamps, you will get the armor or pores and skin for a personality.

You must pull a number of occasions to get these skins. I believe that function could be one thing that may flip off many console gamers who come from these video games and are usually not accustomed to gacha monetization. It may get just a little bit irritating as a result of there’s a random ingredient on high of the random components.

[00:22:31] Jon: Did you say that that’s very within the Japanese cell gaming psyche? They invented it, and as different territories or different builders are shifting away from it in numerous varieties, it doesn’t look like that’s–. They’re simply doubling down on gachas. It’s only a cultural factor, I suppose, isn’t it?

Gacha mechanics in Japanese gaming tradition

[00:22:52] Teemu: Sure. On different monetization elements, battle move is there. It feels just a little bit like an afterthought. Effectively, you get precious objects out of it, but it surely’s forgettable. The subscription plans, they’ve a few these, however they final for seven days. I believe the value level was one thing nearer to $10 for seven days, and I believe which may really feel just a little bit steep for a lot of gamers. The worth will increase your rewards from that quest. In case you’re happening a seven-day grind fest, then it could possibly be positively price it. I believe many gamers will ignore these.

Apparently for the weapons that you simply receive from the gacha, the sport has the best rarity ranges that I’ve ever seen on cell video games. Principally, you receive 3-star weapons that may be upgraded to 5-star, however then on high of these 5-star, you possibly can over-boost them. You may first over-boost them to 10 stars, then to fifteen stars. Then after the 15 stars, that is based mostly on what I noticed in achievements. There are 15 stars plus 20 that you might want to attain to get a sure achievement. I believe you possibly can go as much as 35 stars. Earlier than this, the most important I keep in mind was 10, in cell video games. They’re going actually subsequent stage, type of Ultimate Fantasy, Courageous Exvius Conflict of the Imaginative and prescient stunned me with their gacha. Normally, you’ve gotten 5 gacha banners, perhaps 10 at most. I keep in mind once I was analyzing one occasion for them from that recreation, they usually had like 60 totally different gacha banners, and I used to be like, “Why do you want this many?” They wish to go experimental on these quantities.

Distinctive weapon rarity ranges

[00:25:12] Jon: A Ultimate Fantasy recreation could be the one– considering a Ultimate Fantasy VII-based expertise could be the one the place you suppose one way or the other the nostalgia kicks into a few of these middle-aged gamers who keep in mind enjoying it on the PlayStation. There we go.

[00:25:29] Teemu: Not less than there’s a demise there.

[00:25:32] Jon: Completely. I suppose one thing else is passing. It’s fascinating once I was simply wanting via the app retailer to see the Ultimate Fantasy video games and see all this listing and stuff. As you say, quite a lot of the video games you’ve talked about have been in for a few years after which come out as many cell video games are. If it’s not economical to run them, however nonetheless, the overwhelming majority of the video games sitting on there are premium video games.

It’s fascinating that you could possibly nearly see any new Ultimate Fantasy free-to-play recreation being launched. It additionally highlights the truth that you’ve acquired perhaps 10 of the previous remakes of all of the video games which can be– I believe they vary from as much as $20, $25 for the most costly ones sitting there as premium video games. Which I presume our individuals are nonetheless shopping for as a result of why wouldn’t they?

Premium video games and cell releases

[00:26:23] Teemu: Sure, the nostalgia there. It’s good. Personally, I choose buying them on consoles as a result of that’s the place I’ve performed them. That’s the place I really feel most snug enjoying them. Having them obtainable on cell is one thing folks can then play on the airplane. They don’t want an web connection for many of them. From one to 9, I believe the remakes are there for the PlayStation, as much as PlayStation One. They’ve additionally made Ultimate Fantasy XII video games for cell, however these are cloud variations. Since cloud gaming by no means actually acquired going that a lot, a minimum of but, these had been fascinating experiments, forgettable.

[00:27:19] Jon: Oh, okay. At first, you talked about there have been some conclusions you thought for builders. What are these, then? Let’s actually broaden it out.

Conclusions for builders

[00:27:34] Teemu: Effectively, I believe the most important factor to be taught could also be from these Ultimate Fantasy cell video games. Once you take a look at them, the profitable ones play to the important thing strengths of the IP. In case you’re making a console recreation or cell recreation. I believe many– Not less than Sony was very on this. In case you’re attempting to make a cell recreation, then it simply doesn’t resonate together with your core viewers. If I take, for instance, Horizon Zero Daybreak, you’re looking these large robotic dinosaurs and animals with Aloy. In case you take that idea into cell and also you go like, “Okay, everybody performs match-3 on cell, so let’s make match-3 with Aloy and mates.” It simply doesn’t resonate together with your viewers as a result of there’s not a lot to match.

Now in the event you make it say base constructing, a 4X recreation the place you’re combating wars between these totally different tribes, nonetheless just a little bit totally different than what the core IP is, however there’s that attraction that, “Okay, there have been these tribes, they had been having these conflicts.” There may be an fascinating setting to this that would resonate to new audiences and resonate additionally with the older followers. If you wish to make it actually attraction to the followers of the IP, then you might want to have an motion RPG the place you’re aiming for these totally different weaknesses of those robotic dinosaurs and doing these stealth missions.

It simply must have the identical feeling, and the identical storytelling. The extra you possibly can carry the supply materials, the higher. As a result of in the event you take a look at Ultimate Fantasy: Courageous Exvius Conflict of the Visions, it just about is Ultimate Fantasy Ways, however with free-to-play mechanics, and it resonated very well when it was launched. They knew what they had been aiming for as a result of they launched it with the Ultimate Fantasy Ways collaboration. This actually highlights for the followers of that IP that there’s a comparable recreation, and you have to be enthusiastic about this as a result of we have now seen these oversimplified video games. There are a few these limitless runners about Crash Bandicoot or Sackboy. Positive, there’s a little little bit of overlap there, however these had been extra like platformers as an alternative of limitless runners. You’ll want to have full management of the character for it to really feel thrilling for followers of the IP.

[00:30:50] Jon: I suppose on a broad stage, that could be why a Ultimate Fantasy Battle Royale doesn’t work as a result of that’s clearly simply in regards to the taking pictures. The characters are there. Clearly, you’re operating round with the characters. Whereas, as I keep in mind from the 4X recreation, okay, 4X isn’t about characters, but it surely was a really heavy use of the characters popping up on the display, and also you felt they had been enjoying into that in a approach and profiting from the truth that Ultimate Fantasy is in regards to the characters. [crosstalk]

[00:31:23] Teemu: Sure. Then throwing is one other one. Cell players these days, even the extra informal ones, are used to extra advanced mechanics. Oftentimes we would suppose that, okay, easy cell recreation touchscreen, perhaps maintain it so simple as attainable. Individuals are on the lookout for leisure, and they’re used to dealing with their cell phones and doing stuff with them. You might be extra courageous with the mechanics. You don’t must oversimplify it for them essentially.

Experimentation and mini-games

[00:32:06] Jon: I suppose not everybody has the assets of a Sq., however clearly, at that stage, Sq. have been superb at experimenting with their IP and seeing what works. I suppose, cell nonetheless is that place the place the price of experimenting, whereas it’s risen loads in the previous couple of years, it’s nonetheless an excellent place to experiment with discovering audiences and doing new issues.

[00:32:33] Teemu: Sure. We’re all the time speaking in regards to the hybridization and mini-games popping up in video games. If we consider essentially the most memorable Ultimate Fantasy video games, there are these mini-games that you simply keep in mind. It’s not simply purely that you simply make the identical progress within the story and also you combat the battles, however there are these moments the place you play the sport in another way. For Ultimate Fantasy VII, you’ve gotten the bike chase, you’ve gotten the submarine hunt, you’ve gotten snowboarding. For some motive, after a really tragic second, you’re fortunately snowboarding.

For Ultimate Fantasy X, you’ve gotten blitz ball that you simply play, and in Ultimate Fantasy VIII, you play card video games, additionally in 9. These are the issues that actually resonate. Possibly they take that as studying on your cell video games as effectively, you could have these totally different moments to steadiness the sport expertise as a result of folks like various things. It’s enjoyable to have a break from the grind, do one thing utterly totally different. In case you handle to maintain the participant throughout the recreation throughout these break moments, that helps them to construct reference to the sport extra.

[00:34:01] Jon: Cool. good. Effectively, I lined quite a lot of stuff there. Do you are feeling such as you’re emptied of Ultimate Fantasy now? You’ve dumped your experience into the podcast.

[00:34:11] Teemu: Sure. Possibly.

[00:34:16] Jon: There’s all the time some extra.

[00:34:16] Teemu: Now I’m simply itching to play all these Ultimate Fantasy video games that I discussed. I wish to return and perhaps boot up my PlayStation 5 and proceed just a little bit extra on Ultimate Fantasy VI.

[00:34:27] Jon: That’s it. At all times good to fireplace up the urge for food for extra gaming. That’s what we wish to do on the podcast. Thanks very a lot, Teemu. That was nice.

[00:34:36] Teemu: Thanks.

[00:34:37] Jon: Thanks to you for listening, watching, to the podcast, nonetheless, you’re consuming it. In each episode, we’re digging into the world of cell gaming, which is ever-dynamic and ever-changing. We’ve acquired some good episodes arising quickly, so don’t overlook to subscribe. Thanks for watching this one, and see you subsequent time. Goodbye.